In recent years, with the continuous growth of global demand for clean energy, the photovoltaic industry has ushered in rapid development.As the core material of photovoltaic technology, the application of silicon materials in solar cells has continuously made breakthroughs, especially the technological progress of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon solar cells, which is promoting the entire industry to develop in the direction of higher efficiency and lower cost.

Technological breakthroughs in monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Monocrystalline silicon solar cells have always been the mainstream products in the photovoltaic market because of their high conversion efficiency and long life.In recent years, with the popularization of PERC (passivated emitter and back contact) technology, the conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon batteries has increased from about 20% to more than 24%.In addition, the introduction of TOPCon (tunneling oxide layer passivation contact) and HJT (heterojunction) technologies has further promoted the efficiency improvement of monocrystalline silicon batteries.TOPCon technology reduces carrier recombination by adding an ultra-thin oxide layer to the back of the battery, making the efficiency exceed 25%.The HJT technology combines the advantages of crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to achieve higher open circuit voltage and efficiency, and the laboratory efficiency is close to 26%.

1.Innovation and development of polysilicon solar cells
Although the efficiency of polysilicon solar cells is slightly lower than that of monocrystalline silicon, its cost advantage makes it occupy an important position in the market.In recent years, through the improvement of diamond wire cutting technology and black silicon technology, the efficiency of polysilicon batteries has been significantly improved.Through surface nanostructure treatment, black silicon technology reduces the reflectance of light and improves the light absorption efficiency, making the efficiency of polysilicon batteries close to 20%.In addition, the combination of polysilicon and PERC technology has also achieved remarkable results, further narrowing the efficiency gap with monocrystalline silicon batteries.

1.The impact of technological breakthroughs on the industry
Technological advances in high-efficiency silicon-based solar cells have not only improved the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, but also reduced the cost of electricity (LCOE), making solar power more economically competitive.According to data from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the cost of photovoltaic power generation has fallen by more than 80% in the past ten years, of which the innovation of silicon material technology has contributed greatly.In addition, the popularization of high-efficiency battery technology has also promoted the rapid development of distributed photovoltaic and large-scale photovoltaic power plants, providing important support for the global energy transformation.

3.Future outlook
In the future, with the further optimization of silicon material technology and breakthroughs in new technologies such as perovskite-silicon laminated batteries, the efficiency of solar cells is expected to exceed 30%.At the same time, the application of silicon materials in emerging fields such as flexible photovoltaic and building integrated photovoltaic (DIPV) will also bring new growth points to the industry.It is foreseeable that silicon materials will continue to play an irreplaceable role in the photovoltaic field, promoting the popularization and development of global clean energy.

In short, the innovative application of silicon materials in the field of photovoltaic has not only promoted the progress of solar cell technology, but also provided an important boost to achieve the goal of global carbon neutrality.With the continuous breakthroughs in technology, the photovoltaic industry will usher in broader development prospects.

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